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1.
RNA ; 27(9): 1025-1045, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34127534

RESUMO

Viruses rely on the host translation machinery to synthesize their own proteins. Consequently, they have evolved varied mechanisms to co-opt host translation for their survival. SARS-CoV-2 relies on a nonstructural protein, Nsp1, for shutting down host translation. However, it is currently unknown how viral proteins and host factors critical for viral replication can escape a global shutdown of host translation. Here, using a novel FACS-based assay called MeTAFlow, we report a dose-dependent reduction in both nascent protein synthesis and mRNA abundance in cells expressing Nsp1. We perform RNA-seq and matched ribosome profiling experiments to identify gene-specific changes both at the mRNA expression and translation levels. We discover that a functionally coherent subset of human genes is preferentially translated in the context of Nsp1 expression. These genes include the translation machinery components, RNA binding proteins, and others important for viral pathogenicity. Importantly, we uncovered a remarkable enrichment of 5' terminal oligo-pyrimidine (TOP) tracts among preferentially translated genes. Using reporter assays, we validated that 5' UTRs from TOP transcripts can drive preferential expression in the presence of Nsp1. Finally, we found that LARP1, a key effector protein in the mTOR pathway, may contribute to preferential translation of TOP transcripts in response to Nsp1 expression. Collectively, our study suggests fine-tuning of host gene expression and translation by Nsp1 despite its global repressive effect on host protein synthesis.


Assuntos
Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas , Autoantígenos/genética , Autoantígenos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Dobramento de Proteína , Pirimidinas , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas/metabolismo , Ribossomos/genética , Ribossomos/virologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismo
2.
bioRxiv ; 2021 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32995776

RESUMO

Viruses rely on the host translation machinery to synthesize their own proteins. Consequently, they have evolved varied mechanisms to co-opt host translation for their survival. SARS-CoV-2 relies on a non-structural protein, Nsp1, for shutting down host translation. However, it is currently unknown how viral proteins and host factors critical for viral replication can escape a global shutdown of host translation. Here, using a novel FACS-based assay called MeTAFlow, we report a dose-dependent reduction in both nascent protein synthesis and mRNA abundance in cells expressing Nsp1. We perform RNA-Seq and matched ribosome profiling experiments to identify gene-specific changes both at the mRNA expression and translation level. We discover a functionally-coherent subset of human genes are preferentially translated in the context of Nsp1 expression. These genes include the translation machinery components, RNA binding proteins, and others important for viral pathogenicity. Importantly, we uncovered a remarkable enrichment of 5' terminal oligo-pyrimidine (TOP) tracts among preferentially translated genes. Using reporter assays, we validated that 5' UTRs from TOP transcripts can drive preferential expression in the presence of NSP1. Finally, we found that LARP1, a key effector protein in the mTOR pathway may contribute to preferential translation of TOP transcripts in response to Nsp1 expression. Collectively, our study suggests fine tuning of host gene expression and translation by Nsp1 despite its global repressive effect on host protein synthesis.

3.
Microb Cell ; 7(9): 250-254, 2020 Jun 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32904320

RESUMO

RNase P, an RNA-protein complex, is essential for processing tRNAs. Three of the ten protein subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNase P (and a related complex, RNase MRP) co-purify with yeast telomerase, another RNA-protein complex. The three telomerase-associated proteins, Pop1, 6 and 7, bind to TLC1, the RNA subunit of telomerase. In a recent study (Garcia et al. Nat Commun), we used temperature sensitive alleles of the essential POP genes to determine their role in telomerase biogenesis. At permissive temperature, pop mutant cells grow normally, and the abundance of most proteins, including protein subunits of telomerase, is similar to wild type (WT). However, telomeres are short, and the amount of the mature telomerase holoenzyme is low. Unlike the RNA subunit of RNase MRP, TLC1 is more abundant in pop cells and properly folded, except at the Cs2a/TeSS domain where the Pop proteins bind. These defects correlate with defective movement of TLC1 from the cytoplasm, where it associates with telomerase proteins, back to the nucleus where it lengthens telomeres. Thus, Pop proteins are needed for the stable association of telomerase proteins with TLC1, and their reduction sequesters mature telomerase in the cytoplasm, away from its nuclear substrates.

4.
Nat Commun ; 11(1): 2173, 2020 05 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32358529

RESUMO

RNase P and MRP are highly conserved, multi-protein/RNA complexes with essential roles in processing ribosomal and tRNAs. Three proteins found in both complexes, Pop1, Pop6, and Pop7 are also telomerase-associated. Here, we determine how temperature sensitive POP1 and POP6 alleles affect yeast telomerase. At permissive temperatures, mutant Pop1/6 have little or no effect on cell growth, global protein levels, the abundance of Est1 and Est2 (telomerase proteins), and the processing of TLC1 (telomerase RNA). However, in pop mutants, TLC1 is more abundant, telomeres are short, and TLC1 accumulates in the cytoplasm. Although Est1/2 binding to TLC1 occurs at normal levels, Est1 (and hence Est3) binding is highly unstable. We propose that Pop-mediated stabilization of Est1 binding to TLC1 is a pre-requisite for formation and nuclear localization of the telomerase holoenzyme. Furthermore, Pop proteins affect TLC1 and the RNA subunits of RNase P/MRP in very different ways.


Assuntos
Ribonuclease P/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Telomerase/metabolismo , Telômero/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/genética , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Metilação , Ligação Proteica , RNA/metabolismo , Processamento de Terminações 3' de RNA/genética , Ribonuclease P/genética , Ribonucleoproteínas/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Telomerase/genética , Telômero/química
5.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 14(1): 22-29, jul. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015955

RESUMO

Introducción: El dolor es una patología discapacitante, que en niños está siendo abordada en los últimos tiempos, siendo el dolor fantasma en amputados congénitos una complicación impensada hace algunos años, considerando teorías que describían que carecían de la madurez biológica suficiente para experimentarlo. Actualmente, existe literatura que reconoce una prevalencia de dolor fantasma de 3,7 a 20% en la población de amputados congénitos. Objetivo general: Evaluar población de amputados congénitos del Instituto Teletón Santiago para determinar incidencia, prevalencia lápsica y características clínicas del dolor fantasma. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia, con revisión de ficha clínica para registro de variables demográficas y clínicas, y aplicación de encuesta telefónica al total de pacientes que asintieran y contaran con el consentimiento de sus padres. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes de 10 o más años; se excluyó a los con hipoacusia asociada o con imposibilidad administrativa para contactarlos. Resultados: 57 pacientes, edad promedio 18,6 años, 59,6% con deficiencia longitudinal. Ningún paciente presentó dolor fantasma en el último mes en la población estudiada. La prevalecia lápsica fue de 7,0%. Un 24,6% refirió además presentar sensación fantasma alguna vez en su vida y un 5,3% haber presentado dolor en el último año. Conclusión: Existe dolor fantasma en la población de pacientes amputados congénitos en los rangos de prevalencia encontrados en la literatura internacional contribuyendo a la evidencia existente. Este es el primer estudio en nuestro país que evalúa dolor en deficiencias congénitas y constituye una línea de base para estudios adicionales.


Introduction: Pain is a crippling pathology, which has been addressed in children only in recent times, and phantom pain in congenital amputees was a complication unthought to exist some years ago, considering theories that described that they lacked biological maturity enough to experience it. Currently, there is literature that recognizes a prevalence of phantom pain of 3.7 to 20% in congenital amputees. Overall objective: To evaluate the in vivo amputee population of Instituto Teletón Santiago, to determine incidence, lapses prevalence and clinical characteristics of phantom pain in these patients. Patients and Methods: A prevalence descriptive study was carried out, with a review of the clinical files to register demographic and clinical variables and application of a telephone survey to the total number of Instituto Teletón Santiago patients who agreed to participate and had the consent of their parents. We included all patients aged 10 years and over; excluding those with associated hearing loss, or inability to contact for administrative reasons. Results: 57 patients, mean age 18,6 years, 59,6% with longitudinal deficiency. No patient refered phantom pain during de last month in the study population. The lapsic prevalence was 7,0%. 24,6% of the population studied reported phantom feeling at som time in their lives and 5,3% had phantom pain during the last year. Conclusion: There is phantom pain in the population of congenital amputees in the prevalence ranges found in the international literature contributing to the existing evidence. This is the first study in our country that evaluates pain in congenital deficiencies and constitutes a baseline for additional studies.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Membro Fantasma/epidemiologia , Membro Fantasma/etiologia , Membro Fantasma/terapia , Membros Artificiais , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Deformidades Congênitas dos Membros/diagnóstico , Amputação Cirúrgica
6.
Rev Chil Pediatr ; 86(3): 161-7, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26363856

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: The Institutos Teletón care for 85% of the Chilean child population with neuromusculoskeletal disability, the large percentage concentrating in this population. However, there are no registers that enable a profile to be determined on this population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the profile of patients attending the Instituto Teletón de Santiago during the year 2012. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed from the computerised records of the Instituto Teletón de Santiago on active patients who were seen during the year 2012. RESULTS: A total of 8,959 patients were seen during the study year in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago. As regards socioeconomic level, 33.3% were in extreme poverty, 28.7% to low-middle level. The main clinical diagnoses were cerebral palsy and other encephalopathies that also lead to motor disability, and accounted for 55.4% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of determining this profile, it would be appropriate to encourage the need for a national register of the child population with disability, as well as their particular characteristics in order to make decisions on public policy, as a destination for funds or support programs.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/terapia , Paralisia Cerebral/terapia , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Doenças Neuromusculares/terapia , Adolescente , Encefalopatias/epidemiologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Paralisia Cerebral/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Doenças Neuromusculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Neuromusculares/fisiopatologia , Pobreza , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
7.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 10(1): 8-16, jul. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-774861

RESUMO

Introducción: El dolor fantasma es una condición frecuente en pacientes amputados lo que genera discapacidad importante. En población adulta se estima una prevalencia entre 49-82 por ciento. Existe escasa evidencia de la incidencia y prevalencia en población de niños y adolescentes. Objetivos: Estimar la incidencia y la prevalencia del dolor fantasma en la población de amputados adquiridos del Instituto Teletón (IT) de Santiago de 10 años y más; caracterizar a esta población y asociar distintos factores clínicos y demográficos con la presencia de este dolor. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de incidencia y prevalencia basado en la revisión de fichas clínicas para la obtención de datos demográficos, clínicos y evaluación de registro de dolor fantasma. Se aplicó encuesta telefónica a pacientes de 10 años o más, con diagnóstico de una o más amputación/es adquirida/s, que se atiendan o hayan sido atendido en IT Santiago hasta el año 2013. Resultados: La incidencia de dolor fantasma en la población estudiada es de 11 por 100 personas/año y prevalencia de 62 por ciento. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas, entre la presencia de dolor fantasma y el tiempo transcurrido desde la amputación (a mayor tiempo transcurrido, menor dolor) y edad de la amputación (a mayor edad en que se realizó la amputación mayor dolor). Conclusión: El dolor fantasma es un fenómeno frecuente en pacientes amputados adquiridos de 10 años y más atendidos en el IT de Santiago con una prevalencia del 62 por ciento.


Introduction: Phantom pain is a common condition in amputated patients generating significant disability. Prevalence among adult population is estimated at 49-82 percent. There is little evidence of the incidence and prevalence in child and adolescent population. Objectives: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of phantom pain in amputees aged 10 years and older of the Telethon Institute of Santiago; characterize this population and associate different clinical and demographic factors with the presence of phantom pain. Patients and Methods: Study incidence and prevalence based on a review of medical records to obtain demographic and clinical data. In addition a telephone survey was made to patients 10 years or older diagnosed with one or more acquired amputations who are treated or have been treated at Telethon Institute of Santiago until 2013. Results: The incidence of phantom pain in the study population is 11 per 100 persons/year and prevalence is 62 percent. Statistically significant associations were found between the presence of phantom pain variables and time since amputation (the longer the time elapsed, less pain) and age of amputation (the older the age at which major amputation was performed more pain). Conclusion: Phantom pain is a common phenomenon in patients with acquired amputation aged 10 years and older treated at the Telethon Institute of Santiago prevalence being 62 percent.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Amputação Traumática , Membro Fantasma/epidemiologia , Chile , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(3): 161-167, jun. 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-760109

RESUMO

Los Institutos Teletón atienden al 85% de la población infantil chilena con discapacidad neuro-músculo-esquelética, concentrando el mayor porcentaje de esta población. Sin embargo, no existen registros que permitan caracterizar esta población. Objetivo: Caracterizar la población de pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Teletón de Santiago durante el año 2012. Pacientes y método: Se analizaron las características sociodemográficas de los registros electrónicos del Instituto Teletón de Santiago de los pacientes activos que se atendieron durante el año 2012. Resultados: Durante el año 2012 se atendió un total de 8.959 pacientes en el Instituto Teletón de Santiago. En relación con el nivel socioeconómico, un 33,3% de estos correspondieron a extrema pobreza, y un 28,7% a nivel medio bajo. Con respecto a los diagnósticos clínicos principales se encontró que la parálisis cerebral y otras encefalopatías que también llevan a discapacidad motora concentran el 55,4% de los casos. Conclusiones: Como producto de esta caracterización, sería adecuado fomentar la necesidad de optimizar el registro nacional de la población infantil con discapacidad y sus características particulares, para así poder tomar decisiones de políticas públicas, como destinación de fondos o programas de apoyo.


The Institutos Teletón care for 85% of the Chilean child population with neuromusculoskeletal disability, the large percentage concentrating in this population. However, there are no registers that enable a profile to be determined on this population. Objective: To determine the profile of patients attending the Instituto Teletón de Santiago during the year 2012. Patients and method: The sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed from the computerised records of the Instituto Teletón de Santiago on active patients who were seen during the year 2012. Results: A total of 8,959 patients were seen during the study year in the Instituto Teletón de Santiago. As regards socioeconomic level, 33.3% were in extreme poverty, 28.7% to low-middle level. The main clinical diagnoses were cerebral palsy and other encephalopathies that also lead to motor disability, and accounted for 55.4% of the cases. Conclusions: As a result of determining this profile, it would be appropriate to encourage the need for a national register of the child population with disability, as well as their particular characteristics in order to make decisions on public policy, as a destination for funds or support programs.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Encefalopatias/terapia , Paralisia Cerebral/terapia , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Doenças Neuromusculares/terapia , Pobreza , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Encefalopatias/epidemiologia , Paralisia Cerebral/epidemiologia , Chile , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças Neuromusculares/fisiopatologia , Doenças Neuromusculares/epidemiologia
9.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 8(1): 33-37, jul. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708064

RESUMO

Premature birth can be associated to multiple complications in the new born. The amputation of an extremity is one of them. Even though it is a rare complication, it can have severe consequences, because it can overlap with the more frequent complications observed in prematurity and obstruct the evolution of the patient. The major cause of amputation in a premature infant is thrombosis, which is produced by the complication of a vascular access. There is a lack of articles describing the evolution of these patients beyond the acute event. We present a case of a patient that had an amputation related to prematurity and we detail how his rehabilitation process has been so far.


El parto prematuro conlleva a múltiples complicaciones en el recién nacido. La amputación de una extremidad es una de ellas. A pesar de ser una complicación poco frecuente, puede tener consecuencias graves, pues se puede sumar a las complicaciones más comunes de la prematurez y dificultar la evolución del paciente. La principal causa de amputación en un prematuro es la trombosis por complicación de un acceso vascular. No existen artículos que describan la evolución de estos pacientes más allá del evento agudo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que sufrió una amputación producto de la prematurez y detallamos lo que ha sido hasta ahora su proceso de rehabilitación.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Amputados/reabilitação , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Próteses e Implantes , Extremidade Inferior
11.
Nature ; 497(7450): 458-62, 2013 May 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23657261

RESUMO

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 helicase is the prototypical member of the Pif1 DNA helicase family, which is conserved from bacteria to humans. Here we show that exceptionally potent G-quadruplex unwinding is conserved among Pif1 helicases. Moreover, Pif1 helicases from organisms separated by more than 3 billion years of evolution suppressed DNA damage at G-quadruplex motifs in yeast. The G-quadruplex-induced damage generated in the absence of Pif1 helicases led to new genetic and epigenetic changes. Furthermore, when expressed in yeast, human PIF1 suppressed both G-quadruplex-associated DNA damage and telomere lengthening.


Assuntos
DNA Helicases/metabolismo , Quadruplex G , Instabilidade Genômica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , Sequência Conservada , Dano ao DNA/genética , DNA Helicases/deficiência , DNA Helicases/genética , Epigênese Genética , Evolução Molecular , Inativação Gênica , Teste de Complementação Genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Taxa de Mutação , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Homeostase do Telômero/genética
12.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 7(1): 32-39, jul. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-701701

RESUMO

Introduction: Telemedicine (TM) is the use of telecommunication to provide clinical care, while eliminating distance barriers between professionals and patients. Telerehabilitation (TR) is the use of TM in rehabilitation. Objective: To describe the level of satisfaction among professionals and patients who utilized the Rehabitic® Program, and to evaluate changes in clinical parameters and quality of exercise performance. Method: A descriptive case study, in which three patients aged from 10 to 18 years, with cerebral palsy type spastic hemiparesis (GMFCS type I or II), from Santiago’s Teletón Institute were selected. The Rehabitic ® Program was applied for 10 sessions during 40 minutes each. Pre and post measurements were taken for: muscular strength (MRC Scale); muscular tone (Ashworth’s Modified Scale); joint range of motion (Goniometer); quality of exercise performance (Video comparison with Rehabitic®); and satisfaction degree (Survey). Results: Patients and professionals expressed wide acceptance for the use of TR. Patients 1 and 2, showed changes in hip adduction strength, and patient 1 also showed changes in knee flexor and extensor’s tone. Quality of exercise performance varied in each case. Highest consistency on adequate exercise performance was achieved for 4 out of 10 sessions. Conclusion: Professionals and patients showed high acceptance of the use of Rehabitic® software in rehabilitation, as it is described in the scientific literature. However, this tool requires programmatic and technical adjustments to be implemented with children. Since it was a case study, no conclusions were drawn on clinical parameters.


Introducción: La telemedicina (TM) es el uso de las telecomunicaciones para acercar los servicios de salud a los pacientes cuando hay una distancia física entre el profesional y el paciente. La telerehabilitación (TR) es el uso de TM en los servicios de rehabilitación. Objetivo: Describir grado de satisfacción de profesionales y pacientes que utilizaron programa Rehabitic® , cambios en algunos parámetros clínicos y calidad de ejecución de los ejercicios. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de casos, seleccionando 3 pacientes con parálisis cerebral tipo hemiparesia espástica, de 10 a 18 años, GMFCS tipo I o II del Instituto Teletón de Santiago. Se aplica programa Rehabitic® durante 10 sesiones de 40 min; se mide antes y después fuerza muscular (escala MRC), tono muscular (Escala Ashworth modificada) y rangos articulares con goniómetro, calidad de ejecución de los ejercicios comparando Rehabitic® con vídeo y, grado de satisfacción mediante encuesta. Resultados: Pacientes y profesionales expresaron alta aceptación en el uso de TR. Dos pacientes presentaron cambios en fuerza de abducción de cadera y uno en tono de extensores y flexores de rodilla. La calidad de ejecución fue variable para cada caso; la concordancia máxima de buena ejecución de los ejercicios fue de 4/10 sesiones. Conclusión: Profesionales y pacientes evidencian satisfacción con el uso del software Rehabitic® en el proceso de rehabilitación; no obstante, esta herramienta requiere de ajustes programáticos y técnicos para ser implementada en niños. No se puede concluir respecto de cambios en los parámetros clínicos por tratarse de un estudio de casos.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/métodos , Paralisia Cerebral/reabilitação , Telemedicina/métodos , Terapia por Exercício , Satisfação do Paciente , Paresia/reabilitação , Software , Inquéritos e Questionários , Interface Usuário-Computador
13.
Rev Med Chil ; 138(2): 243-50, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20461315

RESUMO

One of the main objectives in the rehabilitation of people with disability is to give them the possibility of mobilizing independently and a car is a modern and effective tool for achieving this objective. It is essential to make a specific assessment that includes at least the visual, cognitive and motor area before deter-mining whether the individual can drive a car, or also what kind of adaptations may be required. It is also essential to properly know the Traffic Law in force in our country to be able to guide the steps that the patient has to follow to obtain a driver's license. The objective of this review is to study deeply this interesting subject and all the edges that have been mentioned above.


Assuntos
Condução de Veículo/legislação & jurisprudência , Avaliação da Deficiência , Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Chile , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Humanos
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(2): 243-250, feb. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-546218

RESUMO

One of the main objectives in the rehabilitation of people with disability is to give them the possibility of mobilizing independently and a car is a modern and effective tool for achieving this objective. It is essential to make a specific assessment that includes at least the visual, cognitive and motor area before deter-mining whether the individual can drive a car, or also what kind of adaptations may be required. It is also essential to properly know the Traffic Law in force in our country to be able to guide the steps that the patient has to follow to obtain a driver's license. The objective of this review is to study deeply this interesting subject and all the edges that have been mentioned above.


Assuntos
Humanos , Condução de Veículo/legislação & jurisprudência , Avaliação da Deficiência , Pessoas com Deficiência/legislação & jurisprudência , Chile , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(8): 1065-1068, ago. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-438380

RESUMO

Valsalva is a term commonly used to designate a special maneuver, consisting in a forced expiratory effort against a closed airway. We use Valsalva's maneuver many times in our clinical practice and we usually do not think about its origin. Most people do not know that this was originally described by an outstanding anatomist, surgeon and pathologist, Antonio Maria Valsalva, the mentor of another great anatomist, Giovanni Battista Morgagni. Valsalva's contribution was vast and description of Valsalva's maneuver was only a small fraction of the legacy that he left us, almost three hundreds years ago. We render a tribute to a great man, and learn about his life and work.


Assuntos
História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , Anatomia/história , Manobra de Valsalva , Itália , Retratos como Assunto
17.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 12(3): 139-145, 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-453342

RESUMO

Marie Curie y su esposo Pierre, fueron los descubridores de la radioactividad, junto a los elementos polonio y radio. Marie dedicó más de treinta y cinco años de su carrera científica al estudio de esta entidad. Con tenacidad y esfuerzo logró destacarse en una época donde el machismo y la xenofobia estaban presentes en todas partes. Por sus méritos, fue la primera persona en recibir dos premios Nobel: el de Física en 1903 y el de Química en 1911. Para los autores de esta publicación es un orgullo traer nuevamente a la luz la vida y obra de esta extraordinaria mujer.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pesquisadores/história , Radioatividade , Radiologia/história , Prêmio Nobel , Polônio/história , Rádio (Elemento)/história
18.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 11(4): 179-181, 2005. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-436622

RESUMO

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x-rays on 1895 and was married to Anna Bertha Roentgen, for forty-seven years. His wife was a big support for him, and very few articles have been written about her. This publication intends to emphasize the importance of Anna in Wilhelm Roentgen´s life and work.


Wilhelm Roentgen fue el descubridor de los rayos X en 1895 y estuvo casado por cuarenta y siete años con Anna Bertha Roentgen. Su esposa fue un pilar fundamental tanto en su vida personal como laboral y muy pocos artículos se han escrito sobre ella. Esta publicación intenta reconstituir lo que fue su vida y su aporte a la obra de Wilhelm Roentgen.


Assuntos
Humanos , Radiologia/história , Alemanha , Prêmio Nobel , Retrato , Raios X
19.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 74(6): 590-594, nov.-dic. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-388744

RESUMO

Las sibilancias son sonidos musicales que provienen de las vías aéreas obstruidas, que dependen del flujo aéreo, una presión crítica y una distorsión geométrica de la vía aérea. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar las sibilancias y el espectro de los ruidos respiratorios en pacientes con Fiposis Quística (FQ), con el propósito de conocer la repercusión acústica de la obstrucción ponquial en este grupo de pacientes. Se estudiaron 14 pacientes (8 niños), de edad 14,3 ± 2 años (8 + D.S.), seis niños fueron portadores de la mutación DF508/DF508. La espirometría basal demostró CVF: 56 ± 15 por ciento, VEF1:44 ± 12 por ciento, FEF25-75: 40 ± 14 por ciento y SaO2: 93,4 + 2 por ciento. Los pacientes respiraron a través de un pneumotacómetro con flujos de 0,5 ± 0,05 l/s. Los ruidos respiratorios se grabaron utilizando sensores de contacto en el espacio supraesternal y en la pared torácica correspondiente al lóbulo inferior derecho. Las señales de sonidos se filtraron, amplificaron y se aplicó un análisis de Fourier a los sonidos dentro de la ventana de flujo previamente determinada. Desde el espectro de sonidos analizado, se obtuvo el cálculo de la intensidad con bajas frecuencias (P1= 100-200 Hz) y con altas frecuencias (P2= 400-2 000 Hz). Se midió las frecuencias bajo las cuales el 50 por ciento (F50) y 99 por ciento (SEF99) se ubicó el espectro de la intensidad entre 100-2 000 Hz. Luego de obtener un registro basal, los pacientes recibieron salbutamol inhalado (200 mg) y 15 minutos después se repitieron las mediciones. Solo en 6/14 pacientes se obtuvo la onda sinusoidal característica de las sibilancias, los otros pacientes presentaron ondas complejas. Hubo un aumento significativo en P1y una disminución en P2, durante la inspiración después de salbutamol (p < 0,001), con una correlación significativa entre VEF1vs F50 y SEF99 (p < 0,01). Nuestros resultados demuestran que un número importante de pacientes con FQ presentan ondas complejas, y que el análisis del espectro de ruidos respiratorios se correlaciona con las pruebas de función pulmonar. Concluimos que el análisis de los ruidos respiratorios es un método que aporta información útil en el estudio de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos la obstrucción ponquial en pacientes con Fiposis Quística.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico , Sons Respiratórios/classificação , Sons Respiratórios/diagnóstico , Análise Espectral , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Chile , Espirometria
20.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 73(2): 108-115, mar.-abr. 2002. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-317353

RESUMO

Frente a una infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), el huésped desarrolla una respuesta inmune que es inefectiva en eliminar la bacteria. El sistema inmune innato, juega un rol central procesando y presentando antígenos de H. pylori. La presencia de citoquinas reguladoras (IL-10 o IL-12) podrían modular una respuesta linfocitica (Th) tipo 1 estableciendo una gastritis crónica, o una respuesta Th2 con producción de anticuerpos y la erradicación de la bacteria. IFN-Ý (respuesta Th1) podría mediar la inducción y la expresión de proteínas que pertenecen al complejo de histocompatibilidad tipo II (HLA-II) en células epiteliales, aumentando la adherencia de H. pylori al epitelio gástrico e induciendo apoptosis. IL-4 (respuesta Th2) podría aumentar la expresión del HLA-II, la producción de IgG e IgE, el crecimiento de células T. Finalmente estudios recientes se han focalizado en la inducción de apoptosis celular como un mecanismo de proliferación celular balanceada y como método de defensa del huésped frente a la infección por H. pylori


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Apoptose , Citocinas , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Inflamação/imunologia , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-12 , Interleucina-18 , Interleucina-4
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